Testicular tumors in children are very rare. They account for 1-2% of all pediatric tumors. They have two peaks (bimodal age distribution); one peak occurs in the first 2 years of life, and the second occurs in young adulthood. Pediatric testicular tumors are classified as benign [....] » Read More
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a medical emergency that requires immediate inter- vention. The etiology varies between cases; however, rupture of an intracranial aneurysm accounts for 80% of medical emergencies. Early intervention and treatment are essential to prevent long-ter [....] » Read More
The current trend in breast cancer surgery is towards a less invasive treatment, without compromising an accurate staging, or a radical excision. With this aim, the procedures of quadrantectomy are primarily adopted, followed by axillary lymph nodes (LNs) dissection in case of a [....] » Read More
The current shift towards outcome-based training requires the trainee to achieve a level of competency before graduating from training program and performing procedures on patients. Competence is “the minimal level of skill, knowledge and/or expertise derived through traini [....] » Read More
Background: Paediatric forearm fractures are a common presentation to orthopaedic services, and account for 40% of all pediatric fractures. Neurovascular status of the limb should be assessed and documented clearly on presentation, as well as before and after any intervention, a [....] » Read More
Paediatric cardiac surgery is in itself very enigmatic and recently, there has been various new developments in extracorporeal circulation technology for safer, patient-centered cardiac surgery. Myocardial preservation techniques, safe temperature with duration are still debatabl [....] » Read More
Background: Comprehensive operation notes with detailed post operative instructions are key for optimising patient care and safety throughout a patient’s surgical journey. Royal college of surgeons (RCS) guidelines provide a gold standard pan-specialty framework for transcr [....] » Read More
Introduction- Postoperative pain following lower limb surgeries is distinct. Sciatic and femoral nerve blocks are highly useful in providing postoperative analgesia for lower limb surgeries. The use of ultrasound increases the efficacy of the procedure making it more reliab [....] » Read More
Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in staging rectal carcinoma. Methods: 27 biopsy proved cases of rectal carcinoma were subjected to pelvic MRI on 3.0T system (Discovery 750w, GE, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). T1W, T2W an [....] » Read More
Safety and Cost-effectiveness of Spinal Anesthesia (SA) in Neonates and Infants undergoing Inguinal-scrotal and Penile Surgery Audience Takeaway Notes: It is proposed that regional anesthesia may reduce the risk of postoperative apnea, avoid the risk of anest [....] » Read More
Introduction: Managing oral and maxillofacial trauma is a multifaceted challenge, as it can have life-threatening consequences and significant functional and aesthetic impact. Navigation techniques have been introduced to improve surgical precision to meet this challenge. A machi [....] » Read More
Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease that is the result of impaired corneal innervation by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Though NK is associated with decreased corneal mechanosensation, recent studies indicate that spontaneous pain can [....] » Read More
Solid organ transplantation is the best therapeutic choice for patients with end stage organ failure. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unavoidable consequence of the processes of organ recovery and implantation and represents a major risk factor for allograft rejection. Th [....] » Read More
Acute intussusception in adults is rare and is exceptional in pregnant women. The diagnosis is often difficult seen the non-specific presenting symptoms which may be attributed to the pregnancy itself. In adults, such intussusceptions are mainly secondary to an intestinal d [....] » Read More
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in the worldwide. Oral carcinoma is a global health problem with rising incidence and mortality. Oral cavity and lip cancers account for 377,713 new cancer cases and 177,757 deaths per year around the world (Globo [....] » Read More
Pituitary insufficiency because of postpartum haemorrhage with panhypopituitarism usually presents decades after the primary event. Very few cases with early presentation have been reported. We are presenting a case of 21 year old unbooked pregnant (G4P1L1A2), a known asthmatic f [....] » Read More
Pilonidal disease is a very common affliction that affects mainly young, hirsute, obese males during their young adult years of life. Previous etiological theories of this ailment centred on congenital causes. The current understanding is that pilonidal disease is an acquire [....] » Read More
Wounds from gunshots and other explosive devices are a source of loss of substances directly or secondary to a well-conducted debridement. In addition, these types of wounds are by definition contaminated. The major challenge in this context for any surgeon remains filling of the [....] » Read More
There are several endoscopic techniques that can utilized in the treatment spine disorders. The utilization of indirect visualization during procedures has been increasingly replacing traditional forms of direct visualization across many different surgical specialties. The [....] » Read More
Title : Did we find the missing link in the brain? The glymphatic system as an answer to unsolved questions
Ricky Rasschaert, Hospital Network Antwerp, Belgium
The removal of “waste” and dead cells is usually being done by the lymphatic system, a vessel system running alongside the blood vessels. It has always been a mystery how the brain removes waste and fights infections as there was no evidence for a lymphatic system. Th [....] » Read More
Title : The role of laser tissue welding in pediatric surgery
Sagar Jawale, Jawale Hospital, India
Introduction: Laser tissue welding is a fantasy brought into reality by me in which tissues are held together by a glue instead of sutures which hardens after application of Laser light. It is described for the first time in medical literature by me. It has vast applications in p [....] » Read More
Title : The process manifesto: Improving healthcare in a complex environment
Douglas P Slakey, University of Illinois Chicago, United States
Patient care during surgery and anaesthesia occurs in a complex environment or system. Within any system process flow describes the efficiency and reliability by which events occur and the fundamental process functions. Too often health systems have attempted to reduc [....] » Read More
Title : Comparing the radiological versus surgical findings to improve care for emergency general surgical patients
Salonee Shah, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
Discrepancies in radiology reports when compared to surgical operative findings are common (1). Previously, scoring has been a feature of evaluating errors. Now, greater emphasis on understanding error is encouraged through discrepancy categorisation and Learning from Discrepancy [....] » Read More
Title : Empowering equity in surgical care requires efforts to address surgical workforce strengthening in austere environments head-on; A systemic review
Kathryn K Campos, Kings Centre for Conflict and Health, United Kingdom
Background: Civilian injuries account for a notable portion of casualties in austere environments. Differential access to safe surgical care is often exacerbated by the impact of armed conflict, natural disasters, and humanitarian crises on health systems. While recent efforts to [....] » Read More
Title : Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and anticoagulation therapy- An up-to-date review for the perioperative physician
Christopher W Tam, Montefiore Medical Center, United States
The management of anticoagulation therapy in patients with a LVAD undergoing non-cardiac surgery has been a subject of considerable apprehension and controversy in the literature. Currently, the management of anticoagulation in emergent clinical settings are often made in a [....] » Read More
Title : Pulmonary hypertention in the non-cardiac surgery patient
Bessie Kachulis, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, United States
Pulmonary Hypertension is a high-risk condition and is associated with high perioperative morbidity and mortality. As modern medical treatments have helped improve overall survival rates, more patients with pulmonary hypertension present for surgery. Taking care of patie [....] » Read More
Title : Efficacy and safety of kahook dual blade goniotomy and trabecular micro-bypass stent (Istent inject) In combination with cataract extraction: A retrospective study
Kevin Yang Wu, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of Kahook Blade Dual (KDB) goniotomy and trabecular micro-bypass stent (iStent inject) for microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) with cataract extraction. Methods: Our study included all participants who underwent either MIGS procedu [....] » Read More
Title : Mesodiverticular band in meckel s diverticulum- A rare case of small bowel obstruction
Shreya Sengupta, Royal Victoria Hospital, United Kingdom
Meckel’s diverticulum occurs in less than 3% of general population and is mostly asymptomatic.The most common complication due to Meckel’s diverticulum is intestinal obstruction followed by unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding, persistent abdominal pain or perforatio [....] » Read More
Title : Diabetic charcot accentuating the hexapod frame
Harry John Visser, SSM DePaul Health Center, United States
Although an abundance of research into the treatment of Charcot neuroarthropathy has led to improved standardization of surgical options, discrepancies still exist in how surgeons approach this complex condition. These differences in surgical approaches appear to be based on geog [....] » Read More
Title : Risk factors associated with the occurrence of surgical site infections in patients operated for acute abdomen at state university hospital of Haiti from January 2018 to december 2020
Thaimye Joseph, State University Of Haiti, Haiti
Background- This study’s objective is to analyze the different risk factors associated with the occurrence of surgical site infections (SSI) in patients operated for acute abdomen at State University hospital of Haiti from January 2018 to December 2020. Methods.- This is [....] » Read More
Title : Inguinal swellings with diagnostic challenge
Caroline Francis, MOSC Medical College Hospital, India
This case series explains rare cases of inguino-scrotal/labial swellings that pose diagnostic challenges. Although rare, these swellings are important considerations in the differential diagnosis in both the sexes. CASE REPORT-1 Angiomyofibroblastoma is an uncommon benign [....] » Read More
Title : Prevalence and associated risk factors of Barretts esophagus in patients undergoing OGD scopy in a tertiary care hospital
Navaneeth Ranjith, Caritas hospital, India
Barrett’s esophagus is a metaplastic change in the lining mucosa of the esophagus in response to chronic gastroesophageal reflux. In this condition, the squamous epithelium lining the lower portion of the esophagus is replaced by intestinal columnar epithelium. The prevalen [....] » Read More
Title : The relationship between appendix visibility on non-contrast computed tomography and visceral obesity: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Cem Emir Guldogan, Turkish Hospital, Qatar
Material and methods: The study is a retrospective cross-sectional investigation of the relation between appendix visibility on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) and visceral obesity. The study population consists of adult patients who underwent NCCT imaging between January [....] » Read More
Title : Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus lifestyle modification in class I obesity in Pakistani population: A prospective cohort study
Amina Amin, Dudley NHS group Foundation, United Kingdom
Introduction :The American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery has stated that bariatric surgery is indicated in Class I obesity patients with one or more comorbidities. However, other weight loss options, such as diet plus exercise, are available to patients with a body m [....] » Read More
Title : Preoperative and operative risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy in Pakistan
Amina Amin, Dudley NHS group Foundation, United Kingdom
Introduction:The currently available literature suggests a wide range of conversion (4.9-20%) from laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to open cholecystectomy (OC) despite the increase in surgical expertise. Open cholecystectomy is important as the last resort for safe surgical pra [....] » Read More
Title : Descriptive and correlational study of peritonitis in the surgical department of the state university hospital of Haiti (Hueh): A cross sectional study
Axler Jean Paul, State University Of Haiti, Haiti
Background: Generalized secondary peritonitis is one of the most common emergencies encountered in the surgical department. It is a major surgical condition with mortality of up to 20% and classified as the third most common cause of surgical abdomen after appendicitis and intest [....] » Read More
Title : A systematic review of short-term outcomes of three robotic extraperitoneal techniques of ventral hernia repair; eTEP, TA-RM, and TAPP, compared to robotic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM)
Aoibhinn Murray, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
Annually, it is estimated that over twenty million hernias are repaired globally, almost 10% of patients develop incisional hernias after laparotomies. This carries great morbidity and financial burdens. Since its inception, robotic repairs have allowed further degrees of motion [....] » Read More
Title : An examination of the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery as a Treatment for pain and infertility associated with endometriosis, compared to the effectiveness of non-surgical interventions in omen: A systematic review
Eimear Eileen Teehan, Barts and the London School of Medicine, United Kingdom
This Systematic Review was conducted between September 2022- July 2023. The primary outcomes include; Pain via Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score reduction in pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea and Infertility improvement through evaluation of pregnancy and live birth rates. Six papers [....] » Read More
Title : Extradural myxopapillary ependymoma - A case report
Ivan Kirev, St. George University Hospital Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Introduction: Myxopapillary ependymoma is a specific type of ependymoma that in very rare cases can occur in the extraspinal soft tissues. Categorized as Grade I lesions myxopapillary ependymomas are considered benign but are capable of local recurrence, dissemination and a more [....] » Read More
Title : Modern technologies of diagnosis and treatment in ent surgery
Gagik Hakobyan, Yerevan State University After M. Heratsi, Armenia
Statement of the Problem: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a modern method used to treat inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses surgically. ESS is by far the most optimal method of surgical treatment of chronic sinusitis. We present the technological advances that [....] » Read More
Title : The implications of delaying operative management of CT confirmed uncomplicated appendicitis.
Matthew Basa, Queensland Health, Australia
Uncomplicated appendicitis (UA) remains a surgically managed condition in Australia and with CT scans becoming more prevalent, the patient’s appendicitis is often categorised at the time of their admission. UA patients are suitable for post operative same day discharge, hen [....] » Read More
Title : Biliary sludge & microlithiasis: how the diagnosis delays referral and definitive management with a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Matthew Basa, Queensland Health, Australia
Biliary sludge or microlithiasis is a common incidental finding in both ultrasound and CT examinations. Many patients who have undifferentiated abdominal pain receive these investigations and hence clinical judgement must be applied more judiciously than ever in the current era. [....] » Read More