The largest and most complicated subspecialty in anesthesiology is cardiothoracic anesthesia. Patients are frequently at high risk, with pulmonary, cardiac, and systemic comorbidities, and surgical procedures can present considerable physiologic problems to the anesthesiologist. Thoracic anesthesia has evolved into its own field within the broader field of cardiothoracic anesthesia, distinct from cardiac anesthesia. The use of moderate-dose opioids, shorter-acting muscle relaxants, and volatile anesthetics has fundamentally changed cardiac anesthesia from a high-dose narcotic technique to a balanced strategy combining moderate-dose narcotics, shorter-acting muscle relaxants, and volatile anesthetics. This new paradigm has rekindled interest in perioperative pain management, which includes multimodal approaches including localized blocks, intrathecal morphine, and additional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications that help with fast tracheal extubation. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional model of recovery for patients in the intensive care unit, with weaning protocols and intensive observation, toward management more in line with the recovery room practice of early extubation and rapid discharge, which has shifted cardiac patients' care to more specialized postcardiac surgical recovery units.
Title : Microbial spectrum and histo-pathological pattern in patients with breast abscess: A 5 year retrospective study in a tertiary care rural teaching hospital in South India
Caroline Francis, Hull Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
Title : Evolution of surgical oncology
Nagy Habib, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Title : Cell therapy for chronic ischemia
Darwin Eton, Vasogenesis Inc, United States
Title : Improving post-operative analgesia regimens after emergency major abdominal surgery
Shifa Bangi, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
Title : The coincidence between spinal perineural cysts, increased intracranial pressure and the appearance of small fiber neuropathy. Exploring the relationship and (surgical) lessons to be learned
Ricky Rasschaert, AZ Rivierenland, Belgium
Title : Predicting reductions in acute pain and opioid consumption with non-opioid analgesics: A machine learning analysis of randomised controlled trials (OPERA study)
Toluwalogo Daramola, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom