The first step in the development of localized anesthesia was the isolation of local anesthetics, the first of which was cocaine (the only naturally occurring local anesthetic). The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS). The placement of local anesthetic in or around the CNS is referred to as neuraxial anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia is a type of neuraxial anesthesia in which a local anesthetic is injected into the intrathecal region directly (subarachnoid space). This activity addresses spinal anesthetic technique, contraindications, and indications, as well as the role of the interprofessional team in patient treatment. Seven cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, and five fused sacral vertebral bones make up the spine. The names of the various spinal bones are derived from their relative locations and anatomical distinctions. The vertebrae are stacked end to end with articulating joints and ligaments, as well as a hollow region called the spinal canal that runs through them. The spinal cord is housed in this canal. The spinal nerves escape the spinal canal through lateral gaps generated by adjacent vertebral pedicles.
Title : Microbial spectrum and histo-pathological pattern in patients with breast abscess: A 5 year retrospective study in a tertiary care rural teaching hospital in South India
Caroline Francis, Hull Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
Title : Evolution of surgical oncology
Nagy Habib, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Title : Cell therapy for chronic ischemia
Darwin Eton, Vasogenesis Inc, United States
Title : Improving post-operative analgesia regimens after emergency major abdominal surgery
Shifa Bangi, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
Title : The coincidence between spinal perineural cysts, increased intracranial pressure and the appearance of small fiber neuropathy. Exploring the relationship and (surgical) lessons to be learned
Ricky Rasschaert, AZ Rivierenland, Belgium
Title : Predicting reductions in acute pain and opioid consumption with non-opioid analgesics: A machine learning analysis of randomised controlled trials (OPERA study)
Toluwalogo Daramola, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom