Thoracic surgeons operate on the heart, lungs, oesophagus, and main blood veins inside the chest, as well as the bony structures and tissues that constitute and support the chest cavity. They are sometimes partnered with cardiac, or heart, specialists for cardiothoracic surgery. In the United States, heart disease is the leading causes of death, with one person dying every 36 seconds. According to experts, a heart attack occurs every 40 seconds. Lung cancer is the third most frequent cancer in men and women and the main cause of cancer death. These figures emphasize the significance of heart and thoracic surgery. Heart, Pericardium (the membrane around the heart), Coronary arteries, valves, and myocardium, Trachea (windpipe), Oesophagus (the tube leading to the stomach), Lungs, Pleura (membranes around the lungs), Mediastinum (the area that separates the lungs and holds the heart), Chest wall, and Diaphragm are all structures inside the chest that thoracic surgeons deal with. Thoracic surgeons are in charge of all elements of thoracic surgery, including treatment plans prior to, during, and after the procedure. They frequently form close bonds with patients and their families, particularly in emergency situations such as heart attacks.
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